Duragraha gandhi biography

Duragraha may be said to be stubborn resistance in a cause, or willfulness.
There are two methods of attaining one's goal.
Chapter 21: Satyagraha and Duragraha from Gandhiji's book India of My Dreams: This chapter contains passages from writings and speeches of Mahatma Gandhi.

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Satyagraha

Form of nonviolent resistance

For other uses, see Satyagraha (disambiguation).

Satyāgraha (from Sanskrit: सत्याग्रह; satya: "truth", āgraha: "insistence" or "holding firmly to"), or "holding firmly to truth",^[1] or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone who practises satyagraha is a satyagrahi.

The term satyagraha was coined and developed by Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)^[2] as early as 1919.^[3] Gandhi practised satyagraha as part of the Indian independence movement and also during his earlier struggles in South Africa for Indian rights. Satyagraha theory influenced Martin Luther King Jr.'s and James Bevel's campaigns during the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, as well as Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa and many other social-justice and similar movements.^[4]^[5]

Principles

Gandhi envisioned satyagraha as not only a tactic to be used in acute political struggle but as a universal solvent for injustice and

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Interpreting Gandhi

V. V. RAMANA MURTI
Reader in Political Science, University of Rajasthan

The problem of understanding Gandhi’s ideas arose even in Gandhi’s life time. But what confronts us in the post-Gandhi era is a more complicated question of immediate relevance. As Gandhi’s spoken and written word is very extensive, and covers a vast range of topics, it is not always easy to determine his conclusive opinion on a certain issue without coming across divergent evidence on the same. It is not that different schools of thought, each one self-sufficient in itself, vie with each other for the exclusive right for the interpretation of Gandhian literature. Unlike Marxism, Gandhism has not yet arrived at that stage of an intellectual system. What happens more often now is that quite a few sources from Gandhi are offered by very different and sometimes even opposing groups to sustain a single inference. It has become too common. This case is well illustrated by a frequently quoted passage from Gandhi on the alternatives of cowardice and violence before a votary of non-violence.

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GANDHIAN PHILOSOPHY
There are two methods of attaining one's goal. Satyagraha and Duragraha. In our scriptures, they have been described, respectively, as divine and devilish modes of action. In Satyagrahi, there is always unflinching adherence to truth. It is never to be forsaken on any account. Even for the sake of one’s country, it does not permit resort to false-hood. It proceeds on the assumption of the ultimate triumph of truth. A Satyagrahi does not abandon his path, even though at times it seems impenetrable and beset with difficulties and dangers, and a slight departure from that straight path may appear full of promise. Even in these circumstances, his faith shines resplendent like the midday sun and he does not despond. With truth for sword, he needs neither a steel sword nor gun-powder. Even an inveterate enemy he conquers by the force of the soul, which is love. Love for a friend is not put to the test. There is nothing surprising in a friend loving a friend; there is no merit in it and it costs no effort. When love is bestowed on the so-called enemy, it is tested, i