Lichtenberg figures
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Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
German scientist and satirist (1742–1799)
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1 July 1742 – 24 February 1799) was a German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile. He was the first person in Germany to hold a professorship explicitly dedicated to experimental physics. He is remembered for his posthumously published notebooks, which he himself called Sudelbücher [de], a description modelled on the Englishbookkeeping term "waste books" or "scrapbooks",[2] and for his discovery of the tree-like electrical discharge patterns now called Lichtenberg figures.
Life
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was born in Ober-Ramstadt near Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, the youngest of 17 children. His father, Johann Conrad Lichtenberg [de] (1689–1751), was a pastor ascending through the ranks of the church hierarchy, who eventually became superintendent for Darmstadt. The mother of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg was Henriette Katharina Lichtenberg, nee Eckhardt (1696–1764), daughter of pastor Johann Peter Eckhardt (1659–170
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Lichtenberg Describes "Lichtenberg Figures", the Basic Principle of Xerography
In 1777 German scientist, satirist and Anglophile Georg Christoph Lichtenberg discovered Lichtenberg figures, and described them in his memoir "Super nova methodo motum ac naturam fluidi electrici" investigandi," Novi Commentarii Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingensis VII, Göttingen, 1777.
"In 1777, Lichtenberg built a large electrophorus to generate high voltage static electricity through induction. After discharging a high voltage point to the surface of an insulator, he recorded the resulting radial patterns in fixed dust. By then pressing blank sheets of paper onto these patterns, Lichtenberg was able to transfer and record these images, thereby discovering the basic principle of modern Xerography. This discovery was also the forerunner of modern day plasma physics. Although Lichtenberg only studied 2-dimensional (2D) figures, modern high voltage researchers study 2D and 3D figures (electrical trees) on, and within, insulating materials. Lichtenberg figure
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Georg Christoph Lichtenberg
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1 Juli 1742 – 24 Februari 1799) adalah seorang fisikawan, satiris dan Anglofilia asal Jerman. Sebagai ilmuwan, ia menjadi orang pertama yang meraih gelar profesor dalam bidang fisika eksperimental di Jerman.
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^Øksenholt (1963), ch. 1.
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bloch, K (1953), "Medical remarks in Georg Christoph Lichtenberg's writings.", Die Medizinische (dipublikasikan tanggal 25 July 1953), 29–30, hlm. 960–1, PMID 13086258
- Gresky, W (1978), "2 letters by the Bernese Professor Johann Georg Tralles to Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1786)", Gesnerus, 35 (1–2), hlm. 87–106, PMID 352823
- Grupe, G (1984), "Identification of the skeleton of Georg Christoph Lichtenberg", Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht über die Biologisch-anthropologische Literatur (dipublikasikan tanggal Mar 1984), 42 (1), hlm. 1–9, PMID 6372678
- Eulner, H H (1982), "Zur Geschichte der Meeresheilkunde: Georg Christoph
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